Abstract
How are we to understand Martial’s satirical and sexual epigrams? And, especially, how are we to perceive the humour in these caricatures, which are so coarse and violent? This essay focuses on a particular figure, that of the Philaenis character, a woman whom Martial twice characterises as a tribas. The character is portrayed as performing various types of activities (touching on sex, sports, and food).
This study shows that a reading relying too heavily on moral considerations may keep us from perceiving an important aspect of Martial’s humour. If, following the work of M. Foucault and D. Halperin, we take into account the appropriate categories for a society ‘before sexuality’, and stop focusing on sexuality, we can see right away that the character staged in this poem is in the first place a being in action. Mechanical rhythm, awkward and socially inappropriate gestures: an analysis of laughter and humor adapted to the ancient contextand combined with a historicizing approach to sexual categories allows us to perceive the poem as staging not a reversal (of sex or “sexual orientation”) but a comic misappropriation of the societal norms of a (male) Roman citizen.
Keywords: Gender, sexuality, humor, body, homosexuality, lesbianism, tribas, sport.