Abstract
Title: Polyorchidism, a divine attribute of Carian origin?
During the Empire, Zeus Labraundos, tutelary god of the ancient capital of Caria Mylasa, was represented as a xoanon, sometimes decorated with a multitude of protuberances on his torso. This particularity, common to several Carian and Anatolian deities in general, including the famous Artemis Éphésia, has been the subject of many interpretations. Described as “polymastes”, because of their almost exclusive association with goddesses, these deities have been linked to the field of fertility. However, the form and symbolism of these excrescences encourage many other interpretations. The purpose of this study is to try to understand the nature and reception among the Ancients of such divine attributes whose identification is controversial. Whilethe question has been dealt with almost exclusively through Artemis Éphésia, whose image has always been considered as the original model, the oldest testimony, dating from the 4th century BC, nevertheless shows the Carian god Zeus Labraundos. This element therefore invites us to look for the origin of these deities in Caria rather than in Ionia, contrary to what has been admitted until now.
Keywords: Anatolia, Caria, Labraunda, Zeus Labraundos, Ephesus, Artemis Éphésia, polymastia, polyorchidism.